Which landmark Supreme Court case resulted in the principle of Judicial Review?

• A. Marbury v. Madison
• B. Plessy v. Ferguson
• C. Brown v. Board of Education
• D. Gideon v. Wainwright

Answer: (A)

Judicial Review is the idea that the courts can decide whether laws or government actions follow the Constitution. Marbury v. Madison established this power in 1803, when the Supreme Court ruled that it could strike down laws or actions that contradict the Constitution. This case clarified that the Constitution is the supreme law and that the judiciary has the final say in what it means, giving the courts a check on both Congress and the President. Other well-known cases deal with specific rights or issues, like segregation or the right to counsel, but they do not establish the authority of the courts to review and overturn laws themselves.